Chemistry · Gases

Gas Laws Explorer

Each of the first four tabs holds one gas law. The fifth tab lets you change all four gas variables together. Move a slider, watch the particles, and read the numbers beside them. Record data points to build your own graph and table.

Every tab uses ideal gas and the relationship PV = nRT with R = 8.314 L·kPa/(mol·K). Unless a tab says otherwise, the sample is n = 0.100 mol. Temperatures that go into ratios are in kelvins (K = °C + 273.15).

Model notes

The gas is ideal. Dots are a small sample of the particles, and the particles do not collide with each other. Real gases drift from these laws at high pressure and low temperature, and they condense before reaching 0 K, so the dashed parts of the graphs are extensions of the model.
Gay-Lussac's law, pressure proportional to kelvin temperature at constant volume, is also called Amontons's law in some textbooks.
On the Avogadro and All together tabs the amount of gas changes. Each dot there stands for 0.0025 mol, so 0.10 mol is 40 dots. On the All together tab, a slider that would push the responding variable outside its range stops, and a message says why.

Sources

OpenStax Chemistry 2e, Section 9.2: Relating Pressure, Volume, Amount, and Temperature: The Ideal Gas Law (Boyle's, Charles's, and Amontons's laws).
OpenStax Chemistry 2e, Section 9.5: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory (why faster particles at higher temperature raise the pressure).

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